Most pregnancies are normal, but some have the possibility of experiencing complications or serious health problems. Recognize the possible complications that commonly occur during pregnancy, so you can be aware and prevent them.
Pregnancy complications can occur due to a number of conditions that have existed before pregnancy and that just happened during pregnancy. Pregnancy complications can affect the mother and fetus with symptoms and effects that vary, depending on the severity. In severe cases, pregnancy complications can threaten the lives of the mother and fetus.
Types of pregnancy complications that commonly occur
In order to recognize and anticipate pregnancy complications, you need to know what complications can occur, as well as their causes and symptoms. The following are five common pregnancy complications:
1. Hyperemesis gravidarum
Hyperemesis gravidarum is similar to morning sickness, but with more severe symptoms. Nausea and vomiting in hyperemesis gravidarum will last longer, even up to the second or third trimester. Complaints were even worse, to make pregnant women dehydrated and difficult to eat or drink.
The exact cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known with certainty, but one of the causes is thought to be an increase in hormone levels during pregnancy. Prevention efforts cannot yet be carried out because the exact cause of this condition is unknown.
To prevent dehydration and nutritional deficiencies that can harm the fetus, when you experience severe nausea and vomiting, see your doctor immediately. If necessary, the doctor will advise pregnant women who have hyperemesis gravidarum to be infused and treated in hospital.
2. Miscarriage
Miscarriage is interpreted as fetal death in the womb when he was not yet 20 weeks old. This condition can be characterized by bleeding through the vagina, stomach cramps or pain, pain spreading to the back, the body feels weak, and sometimes accompanied by fever.
Most miscarriages occur due to abnormalities in the chromosomes or genetic components that lead to fetal growth disorders. Other things that can cause miscarriages are hormonal disorders, immune response disorders (autoimmune), being too tired, smoking, consuming alcohol, uterine abnormalities, and cervical weakness.
The risk of miscarriage will also increase in pregnant women who have certain diseases, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and high blood pressure.
3. Anemia
The body needs iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid to form hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that functions to deliver oxygen to all body tissues.
During pregnancy, the need for blood will increase to support fetal growth. But if a pregnant woman's body is unable to produce more hemoglobin, anemia can occur. Anemia during pregnancy is generally characterized by fatigue, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, pale skin, even shortness of breath.
Anemia in pregnant women is something to watch out for. Because the anemia that is not treated can cause low infant weight, premature birth, to birth defects. This condition is more common in pregnant women who experience morning sickness, are twin pregnant, or have an unhealthy diet.
4. Bleeding
About 25-40% of pregnant women experience bleeding in the first trimester. However, not all bleeding during pregnancy is a dangerous thing. This bleeding can be caused by the process of attaching a fertilized egg to the uterine wall or having sexual intercourse quite strongly.
However, bleeding during pregnancy can be a serious condition if followed by miscarriage symptoms, such as severe pain and abdominal cramps. In addition, bleeding that occurs due to ectopic pregnancy or abnormal fetal growth, such as in wine pregnancy, also needs to be aware of.
Therefore, bleeding during pregnancy should not be underestimated, even if only a small amount of blood spots. When experiencing it, immediately check with your obstetrician to get the right treatment.
5. Lack of amniotic fluid
In the womb, the fetus settles in a sac filled with amniotic fluid. The function of this fluid is to protect the fetus from impact and infection, keep the uterine temperature stable, and help the fetal organs to develop.
The amount of this fluid will continue to decrease from 36 weeks of gestation until the fetus is born. But be careful, the decrease in amniotic fluid volume that is too fast can cause pregnancy complications, such as breech babies and premature babies.
In addition to the five complications above, there are several other complications that you also need to be aware of, namely preeclampsia or pregnancy poisoning, placental disorders, gestational diabetes, and infections during pregnancy.
In order for these complications to be prevented and detected early, pregnant women need to have regular antenatal care. If pregnancy complications are found, the doctor will provide a number of treatments according to the disorder.
Although there are various complications that can occur during pregnancy, pregnant women do not need to worry too much, because it will interfere with the growth and development of the fetus and stress the fetus. What is important, take care of your health by eating foods that are rich in nutrients and sufficient time to rest, as well as check the pregnancy to the obstetrician regularly.
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